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What (who) is bakelite$509138$ - definition
![The LM Ericsson Dialog from the 1960s that remained popular in [[Sweden]] and [[Finland]] up until the 1980s](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Ericsson Dialog in green.JPG?width=200 "The LM Ericsson Dialog from the 1960s that remained popular in [[Sweden]] and [[Finland]] up until the 1980s")
![A 1931 [[Ericsson]] rotary dial telephone without lettering on the finger wheel, typical of European telephones. The ''0'' precedes ''1''.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Ericsson bakelittelefon 1931.jpg?width=200 "A 1931 [[Ericsson]] rotary dial telephone without lettering on the finger wheel, typical of European telephones. The ''0'' precedes ''1''.")
![Rotary telephone from [[New Zealand]], which used a reversed ordering of the numerals](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/New Zealand Rotary Telephone.jpg?width=200 "Rotary telephone from [[New Zealand]], which used a reversed ordering of the numerals")
Polyoxybenzylmethylenglycolanhydride, better known as Bakelite ( BAY-kə-lyte), is a thermosetting phenol formaldehyde resin, formed from a condensation reaction of phenol with formaldehyde. It was the first plastic made from synthetic components, and was developed by the Belgian chemist Leo Baekeland in Yonkers, New York, in 1907.
Bakelite was patented on December 7, 1909 (U.S. Patent 942699A).
Because of its electrical nonconductivity and heat-resistant properties it became a great commercial success. It was used in electrical insulators, radio and telephone casings, and such diverse products as kitchenware, jewelry, pipe stems, children's toys, and firearms. The "retro" appeal of old Bakelite products has made them collectible.
The creation of a synthetic plastic was revolutionary for the chemical industry, which at that time made most of its income from cloth dyes and explosives. The commercial success of Bakelite inspired the industry to pour money into developing other synthetic plastics. In recognition of its significance as the world's first synthetic plastic, which transformed the chemical industry, Bakelite was designated a National Historic Chemical Landmark on November 9, 1993, by the American Chemical Society.
Wikipedia
A rotary dial is a component of a telephone or a telephone switchboard that implements a signaling technology in telecommunications known as pulse dialing. It is used when initiating a telephone call to transmit the destination telephone number to a telephone exchange.
On the rotary dial, the digits are arranged in a circular layout, with one finger hole in the finger wheel for each digit. For dialing a digit, the wheel is rotated against spring tension with one finger positioned in the corresponding hole, pulling the wheel with the finger to a stop position given by a mechanical barrier, the finger stop. When released at the finger stop, the wheel returns to its home position driven by the spring at a speed regulated by a governor device. During this return rotation, an electrical switch interrupts the direct current (DC) of the telephone line (local loop) the specific number of times associated with each digit and thereby generates electrical pulses which the telephone exchange decodes into each dialed digit. Thus, each of the ten digits is encoded in sequences to correspond to the number of pulses; thus, the method is sometimes called decadic dialing.
The first patent for a rotary dial was granted to Almon Brown Strowger on November 29, 1892, but the commonly known form with holes in the finger wheel was not introduced until about 1904. While used in telephone systems of the independent telephone companies, rotary dial service in the Bell System in the United States was not common until the early 1920s.
From the 1960s onward, the rotary dial was gradually supplanted by DTMF (dual-tone multi-frequency) push-button dialing, first introduced to the public at the 1962 World's Fair under the trade name "Touch-Tone". Touch-tone technology primarily used a keypad in the form of a rectangular array of push-buttons. Although no longer in common use, the rotary dial's legacy remains in the verb "to dial (a telephone number)".
